Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Schweitzer, Peter N.
Publication_Date: 1995
Title: Monthly average polar sea-ice concentration
Edition: 1
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
Series_Information:
Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series
Issue_Identification: DDS-27
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, Virginia
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage:
Description:
Abstract:
This data set represents the results of calculations carried
out on sea-ice-concentration data from the SMMR and SSM/I
instruments. The original data were obtained from the
National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC). The data set also
contains the source code of the programs that made the
calculations. The objective was to derive monthly averages
for the whole 13.25-year series (1978-1991) and to derive a
composite series of monthly averages representing the
variation of an average year. The resulting file set contains
monthly images for each of the polar regions for each year,
yielding 160 files for each pole, and composite monthly
averages in which the years are combined, yielding 12 more
files. Averaging the images in this way tends to reduce the
number of grid cells that lack valid data; the composite
averages are designed to suppress interannual variability.
Also included in the data set are programs that can retrieve
seasonal ice-concentration profiles at user-specified
locations. These nongraphical data retrieval programs are
provided in versions for UNIX, extended DOS, and Macintosh
computers. Graphical browse utilities are included for the
same computing platforms but require more sophisticated
display systems.
Purpose:
The purpose of this data set is to provide paleoclimate
researchers with a tool for estimating the average seasonal
variation in sea-ice concentration in the modern polar oceans
and for estimating the modern monthly sea-ice concentration at
any given polar oceanic location. It is expected that these
data will be compared with paleoclimate data derived from
geological proxy measures such as faunal census analyses and
stable-isotope analyses. The results can then be used to
constrain general circulation models of climate change.
Supplemental_Information:
The data contained in this data set are derived from the
Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) and Special
Sensor Microwave/ Imager (SSM/I) data produced by the National
Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) at the University of Colorado
in cooperation with the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA) and the U.S. National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The basic data come from
satellites of the U.S. Air Force Defense Meteorological
Satellite Program. NSIDC distributes three collections of sea-
ice-concentration grids on CD-ROM: data from the Nimbus-7 SMMR
(October 25, 1978 through August 20, 1987) are provided on
volume 7 of the SMMR Polar Data series (NASA, 1992); data from
the SSM/I are provided on two separate volumes, covering the
periods from July 9 of 1987 to December 31 of 1989, and from
January 1 of 1990 through December 31 of 1991, respectively.
The NASATEAM data from revision 2 of the SSM/I CD-ROM's were
used to create the present data set. SMMR images were
collected every 2 to 3 days, whereas SSM/I data are provided
in daily ice-concentration grids. Apart from a number of
small gaps (5 or fewer days) in the record, the only long
period for which no data are available is December 3 of 1987
through January 12 of 1988, inclusive.
As ancillary data, the ETOPO5 global gridded elevation and
bathymetry data (Edwards, 1989) were interpolated to the
resolution of the NSIDC data; the interpolated topographic
data are included.
The images are provided in three formats: Hierarchical Data
Format (HDF), a flexible scientific data format developed at
the National Center for Supercomputing Applications; Graphics
Interchange Format (GIF); and Macintosh PICT format. The ice-
concentration grids are distributed by NSIDC in HDF format.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 19781025
Ending_Date: 19911231
Currentness_Reference:
SMMR aboard Nimbus-7 satellite became fully operational on
781025; that instrument was replaced but the observations were
continued by the SSM/I aboard DMSP F8 satellite.
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Irregular
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -180.0
East_Bounding_Coordinate: 180.0
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 90.0
South_Bounding_Coordinate: -90.0
Data_Set_G-Polygon:
Data_Set_G-Polygon_Outer_G-Ring:
G-Ring_Latitude: 30.98
G-Ring_Longitude: 168.35
G-Ring_Latitude: 39.43
G-Ring_Longitude: 135.00
G-Ring_Latitude: 31.37
G-Ring_Longitude: 102.34
G-Ring_Latitude: 56.35
G-Ring_Longitude: 45.00
G-Ring_Latitude: 34.35
G-Ring_Longitude: -9.97
G-Ring_Latitude: 43.28
G-Ring_Longitude: -45.00
G-Ring_Latitude: 33.92
G-Ring_Longitude: -80.74
G-Ring_Latitude: 55.50
G-Ring_Longitude: -135.00
Data_Set_G-Polygon:
Data_Set_G-Polygon_Outer_G-Ring:
G-Ring_Latitude: -39.23
G-Ring_Longitude: -42.24
G-Ring_Latitude: -51.32
G-Ring_Longitude: 0.00
G-Ring_Latitude: -39.23
G-Ring_Longitude: 42.24
G-Ring_Latitude: -54.66
G-Ring_Longitude: 90.00
G-Ring_Latitude: -41.45
G-Ring_Longitude: 135.00
G-Ring_Latitude: -54.66
G-Ring_Longitude: 180.00
G-Ring_Latitude: -41.45
G-Ring_Longitude: -135.00
G-Ring_Latitude: -54.66
G-Ring_Longitude: -90.00
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: Oceanography
Theme_Keyword: Sea-Ice Concentration
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: Arctic Ocean
Place_Keyword: Southern Ocean
Temporal:
Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Temporal_Keyword: Present
Access_Constraints: none
Use_Constraints: none
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Peter N. Schweitzer
Contact_Organization: Global Change and Climate History Program
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing address
Address:
Mail Stop 918 National Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
City: Reston
State_or_Province: VA
Postal_Code: 20192
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (703) 648-6533
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (703) 648-6560
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pschweitzer@usgs.gov
Browse_Graphic:
Browse_Graphic_File_Name:
Browse_Graphic_File_Description:
Average February Northern Hemisphere sea-ice concentration
plotted on a polar stereographic projection of the North Pole
Browse_Graphic_File_Type: GIF
Browse_Graphic:
Browse_Graphic_File_Name:
Browse_Graphic_File_Description:
Average February Southern Hemisphere sea-ice concentration
plotted on a polar stereographic projection of the South Pole
Browse_Graphic_File_Type: GIF
Browse_Graphic:
Browse_Graphic_File_Name:
Browse_Graphic_File_Description:
Average February Northern Hemisphere sea-ice concentration
plotted on a polar stereographic projection of the North Pole
Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PICT2
Browse_Graphic:
Browse_Graphic_File_Name:
Browse_Graphic_File_Description:
Average February Southern Hemisphere sea-ice concentration
plotted on a polar stereographic projection of the South Pole
Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PICT2
Native_Data_Set_Environment:
This data set is provided on a single CD-ROM in ISO 9660 format
with Macintosh-compatible HFS directory information as well. The
data set was developed on a Data General AViiON computer system
running DG/UX version 5.4R3.10 (UNIX); additional software
products provided on the CD-ROM were developed on a Macintosh IIci
and on an IBM-compatible personal computer made by ZEOS, Inc.,
running an Intel 80486 DX microprocessor.
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Peter N. Schweitzer
Publication_Date: 1993
Title: Modern Average Global Sea-Surface Temperature
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
Series_Information
Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series
Issue_Identification: DDS-10
Other_Citation_Details:
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Number 93-9075
Online_Linkage:
Online_Linkage:
Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
Calculation of sea-ice-concentration values from brightness
temperatures is described extensively in the user's guides of
the source data products and in the NASA publication dealing
with the SMMR data.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
Included in the data set are the UNIX shell scripts and makefiles
that were used to derive the averages and create the tables and
images. Source code is provided for all programs written by the
author.
Completeness_Report:
Included in the data set is a table enumerating the days for which
sea-ice-concentration data were available in the source material.
In general, images were available every 2 days during the time
period from 781025 through 870709, when the SMMR was used, and
images were available every day during the period 870709 through
911231, when the SSM/I was used. A large gap (871202 through
880113) occurred when the SSM/I became temporarily inoperative.
Other gaps in the SSM/I record were not longer than five
consecutive days.
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
The grids provided in the source data (supplied by NSIDC)
are described in the user's guides of the relevant
products, and the positional accuracy of the pixels is
dealt with both in the user's guides and in the NASA
report on the SMMR data.
Lineage:
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: NASA
Publication_Date: 1992
Title:
Radiances on a North Polar Stereographic Grid
4/1/ 87 - 8/20/87 and Arctic and Antarctic Sea Ice
Concentrations 10/25/78 - 8/20/87 volume 7 of
Nimbus-7 Scanning Multichannel Microwave
Radiometer (SMMR) Polar Data
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Goddard Space Flight Center SMMR Polar Data
Issue_Identification: volume 7
Other_Citation_Details:
The volume also contains brightness temperature data
from 870401 through 870820. The CD-ROM is labelled
USA_NASA_971_SMR_0007. The data are distributed by
NSIDC Distributed Active Archive Center, Cooperative
Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences
(CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0049.
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: SMMR CD-ROM from NSIDC
Type_of_Source_Media: CD-ROM
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 19781025
Ending_Date: 19870820
Source_Currentness_Reference:
National Snow and Ice Data Center, 1994, Nimbus-7 SMMR
polar radiances and Arctic and Antarctic sea ice
concentrations on CD-ROM user's guide, version 3:
Boulder, Colorado, National Snow and Ice Data Center, 23 p.
Source_Contribution:
Monthly average sea-ice-concentration files in the present
data set for the period 781025 through 870820 were derived
from these Nimbus-7 SMMR ice-concentration data.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: NSIDC
Publication_Date: 1992
Title:
DMSP SSM/I ice concentration grids for the polar
regions
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
Series_Information:
Series_Name:
DMSP SSM/I brightness temperature and sea-ice
concentration grids for the polar regions on CD-ROM
Issue_Identification:
volume 1, revision 2
Other_Citation_Details:
The data are distributed by NSIDC Distributed Active
Archive Center, Cooperative Institute for Research in
Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of
Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0049.
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: DMSP/SSMI ICE Grids volume 1
Type_of_Source_Media: CD-ROM
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 19870709
Ending_Date: 19891231
Source_Currentness_Reference:
National Snow and Ice Data Center, 1992, DMSP SSM/I
brightness temperature and sea ice concentration grids
for the polar regions on CD-ROM, User's guide:
National Snow and Ice Data Center Special Report 1, [300 p].
Source_Contribution:
Monthly average sea-ice-concentration files in the present
data set for the period 19870709 through 19891231 were
derived from these DMSP F8 SSM/I ice-concentration data.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: NSIDC
Publication_Date: 1993
Title:
DMSP SSM/I ice concentration grids for the polar
regions
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
Series_Information:
Series_Name:
DMSP SSM/I brightness temperature and sea-ice
concentration grids for the polar regions on CD-ROM
Issue_Identification:
volume 2, revision 2.
Other_Citation_Details:
The data are distributed by NSIDC Distributed Active
Archive Center, Cooperative Institute for Research in
Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of
Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0049.
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: DMSP/SSMI ICE Grids volume 2
Type_of_Source_Media: CD-ROM
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 19900101
Ending_Date: 19911231
Source_Currentness_Reference:
National Snow and Ice Data Center, 1992, DMSP SSM/I
brightness temperature and sea ice concentration grids
for the polar regions on CD-ROM, User's guide:
National Snow and Ice Data Center Special Report 1, [300 p].
Source_Contribution:
Monthly average sea-ice-concentration files in the present
data set for the period 19900101 through 19911231 were
derived from these DMSP F8 SSM/I ice-concentration data.
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Edwards, Margaret H.
Publication_Date: 1989
Title:
Global gridded elevation and bathymetry (ETOPO5):
Digital raster data on a 5-minute geographic
(lat/long) 2160x4320 (centroid-registered) grid
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Boulder, Colorado
Publisher:
U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, National Geophysical Data
Center
Source_Citation_Abbreviation: ETOPO5
Type_of_Source_Media: CD-ROM
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 1950
Ending_Date: 1989
Source_Currentness_Reference:
The data set was published in 1989. Documentation
provided by NGDC indicates the data were derived from
sources produced during the period 1950 through 1980.
Source_Contribution:
Elevation and bathymetry used in the graphical data
retrieval programs of DDS-27 were derived from ETOPO5.
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Calculate monthly averages and composite monthly averages.
The Bourne shell script do_avgs describes the manner in
which the program average was used to calculate the
monthly and composite monthly average sea-ice
concentration files. The program average is given a list
of sea-ice-concentration data files in HDF format. For
each grid cell in the images, it calculates the arithmetic
average of the corresponding cell in the input files and
writes the average image into a new file. This program is
run once for each month of each year represented in the
original data to yield monthly averages. Then the
composite monthly averages are calculated using the
monthly averages for each year.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DMSP/SSMI Ice Grids volume 1
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DMSP/SSMI Ice Grids volume 2
Process_Date: 1994
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Create GIF and PICT images of monthly and composite
monthly averages.
The Bourne shell script do_imgs converts the monthly
average and composite monthly average files into GIF and
PICT images. This script uses two programs from the
freely available PbmPlus toolkit developed by Jeff
Poskanzer.
Process_Date: 1994
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Regrid ETOPO5 elevation and bathymetry data to fit sea-ice
concentration grid.
The ETOPO5 global gridded elevation and bathymetry data
set describes world topography on a grid whose cells
measure 5 minutes of latitude by 5 minutes of longitude.
Since the ice-concentration data are given in a polar
stereographic projection, the elevation of cells in the
ice-concentration grid must be determined by appropriately
sampling or interpolating the ETOPO5 data. Because the
ETOPO5 grid is finer than the ice-concentration grid, a
sampling algorithm was combined with a spatial averaging
scheme to derive the desired elevation data. The program
that implements this algorithm is called topo.c; its
strategy is to find the ice grid cell coordinates of the
center of each ETOPO5 cell and to calculate the average
depth of all of the ETOPO5 cells that fall within an ice
grid cell. The results are two 16-bit images with big-
endian byte ordering in which each signed 16-bit word
describes the average depth or elevation in meters (sea
level is zero) of a cell in the ice-concentration grid.
Along with the 16-bit depth data files, displayable images
are created using depthppm.c in portable pixmap format,
and from that intermediate stage, GIF and PICT images are
created using the PbmPlus toolkit. Depthppm reduces the
complexity of the depth data by assigning one color to a
range of depths. The relationship between depth ranges
and colors is given in the source-code file depthppm.c.
The Bourne shell script do_topo carries out these operations.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: ETOPO5
Process_Date: 1994
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Create 2-degree by 2-degree gridded ASCII data files.
One of the principal derivative products of this data set
is a set of ice-concentration grids in which the grid cell
size and position match those produced by the USGS PRISM
project for its reconstruction of the climate of the
Pliocene, a warm interval about 3 million years before
present. These grids are tab-delimited ASCII files
suitable for use in spreadsheet programs; each cell of the
spreadsheet represents the ice-concentration value of one
grid cell measuring 2 degrees latitude by 2 degrees
longitude. This calculation is carried out by the Bourne
shell script do_tabs.
The procedure is to use a list of the geographic
coordinates of the grid cell centers as the request file
for the program u_rtrv. The result is a table where each
row is a grid cell, and columns 3 through 14 represent the
ice-concentration profile for each grid cell (columns 1
and 2 reiterate the grid cell coordinates).
The grid cell centers are given in the files grid_n.2x2
and grid_s.2x2 for the Northern and Southern Hemispheres,
respectively. The output of u_rtrv is stored in the files
arctic.2x2 and antarctic.2x2.
By using the UNIX cut command, the columns themselves were
isolated in separate files, and the program table.c was
used to rearrange each column into a tab-delimited ASCII
table suitable for entry into a spreadsheet.
Process_Date: 1994
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
Raster_Object_Information:
Raster_Object_Type: Pixel
Row_Count: 304
Column_Count: 448
Raster_Object_Information:
Raster_Object_Type: Pixel
Row_Count: 316
Column_Count: 332
Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Planar:
Map_Projection:
Map_Projection_Name: Polar Stereographic
Polar_Stereographic:
Straight-Vertical_Longitude_from_Pole: 135.0
Standard_Parallel: 70.0
False_Easting: 0.0
False_Northing: 0.0
Planar_Coordinate_Information:
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution: 25000
Ordinate_Resolution: 25000
Planar_Distance_Units: meters
Planar:
Map_Projection:
Map_Projection_Name: Polar Stereographic
Polar_Stereographic:
Straight-Vertical_Longitude_from_Pole: 0.0
Standard_Parallel: -70.0
False_Easting: 0.0
False_Northing: 0.0
Planar_Coordinate_Information:
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution: 25000
Ordinate_Resolution: 25000
Planar_Distance_Units: meters
Geodetic_Model:
Ellipsoid_Name: Hughes
Semi-major_Axis: 6378.273
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.27941
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: Ice-concentration grid cell
Entity_Type_Definition:
Any of the one-byte data elements in the sea-ice-
concentration files
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: self-evident
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Ice-concentration grid cell value
Attribute_Definition:
The proportion of the ocean area represented by the grid
cell that is covered with sea ice.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
Calibrations of the SMMR and SSM/I instruments are
described in the following three publications:
Gloersen, P., Campbell, W.J., Cavalieri, D.J., Comiso,
J.C., Parkinson, C.L., and Zwally, H.J., 1993, Arctic and
Antarctic sea-ice, 1978-1987: Satellite passive-microwave
observations and analysis: NASA Special Publication no.
511, 290 p.
National Snow and Ice Data Center, 1994, Nimbus-7 SMMR
polar radiances and Arctic and Antarctic sea ice
concentrations on CD-ROM user's guide, version 3: Boulder,
Colorado, National Snow and Ice Data Center, 23 p.
National Snow and Ice Data Center, 1992, DMSP SSM/I
brightness temperature and sea ice concentration grids for
the polar regions on CD-ROM, User's guide: National Snow
and Ice Data Center Special Report 1, [300 p].
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
Range_Domain_Maximum: 100
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -99
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Missing data
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NSIDC
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: -88
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Land area
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NSIDC
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: percent sea-ice cover
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: ETOPO5 grid cell
Entity_Type_Definition:
Any of the two-byte data elements in the files etopo5.n
and etopo5.s
Entity_Type_Definition_Source: self-evident
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: ETOPO5 grid cell value
Attribute_Definition:
Height of the land surface or depth of the sea floor,
relative to mean sea level.
Attribute_Definition_Source:
NOAA/NGDC. 1992. Integrated Global Elevation and
Bathymetry. Digital Data. NOAA/NGDC/WDC-A, Boulder,
Colorado. Digital raster data on a 5-minute geographic
(lat/long) 2160x4320 grid. In: Global Ecosystems Database
Version 1.0: Disc A. Boulder, CO: NOAA National
Geophysical Data Center. 1 independent single-attribute
spatial layer on CD-ROM. 18.6 MB. [First published in
1989.]
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Range_Domain:
Range_Domain_Minimum: -10783
Range_Domain_Maximum: 8000
Attribute_Units_of_Measure: meters
Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Peter N. Schweitzer
Contact_Organization: Global Change and Climate History Program
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing address
Address:
Mail Stop 918 National Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
City: Reston
State_or_Province: VA
Postal_Code: 20192
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (703) 648-6533
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (703) 648-6560
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pschweitzer@usgs.gov
Resource_Description:
U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS-27
Distribution_Liability
Although all data and software published on this CD-ROM have been
used by the USGS, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by
the USGS as to the accuracy of the data and related materials or
the functioning of the software. The act of distribution shall
not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed
by the USGS in the use of these data, software, or related
materials.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: HDF
Format_Information_Content: Sea-ice concentration
File_Decompression_Technique:
HDF images compressed with run-length encoding (RLE)
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name:
Online_Computer_and_Operating_System:
Data General AViiON 6220 system running DG/UX
version 5.4.2R01 (UNIX)
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: BIL
Format_Information_Content: Elevation and bathymetry
Transfer_Size: 51 megabytes
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name:
Online_Computer_and_Operating_System:
Data General AViiON 6220 system running DG/UX
version 5.4.2R01 (UNIX)
Fees: none
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Information Services
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing address
Address:
Box 25286, Denver Federal Center
City: Denver
State_or_Province: CO
Postal_Code: 80225-0286
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (303) 202-4693
Resource_Description: USGS Digital Data Series DDS-27
Distribution_Liability
Although all data and software published on this CD-ROM have been
used by the USGS, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by
the USGS as to the accuracy of the data and related materials or
the functioning of the software. The act of distribution shall
not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed
by the USGS in the use of these data, software, or related
materials.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: HDF
Format_Information_Content: Sea-ice concentration
File_Decompression_Technique: HDF images compressed with RLE
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Offline_Option:
Offline_Media: CD-ROM
Recording_Format: ISO 9660 with Apple HFS extensions
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: BIL
Format_Information_Content: Elevation and bathymetry
Transfer_Size: 51 megabytes
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Offline_Option:
Offline_Media: CD-ROM
Recording_Format: ISO 9660 with Apple HFS extensions
Fees $32.00
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 19950831
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Peter N. Schweitzer
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing address
Address:
Mail Stop 918 National Center
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
City: Reston
State_or_Province: VA
Postal_Code: 20192
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (703) 648-6533
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (703) 648-6560
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pschweitzer@usgs.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name:
FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: 19940608